Hip dysplasia: 

HD is an incorrect development of the hip joint and a relatively common skeletal disorder in many dog breeds. The risk of a dog developing HD is conditioned by both heredity and environment, the heredity is complex (quantitative). This means i.a. that even dogs with normal hip joints (grade A or B) can produce offspring that develop HD. The risk that a dog with normal hip joints will produce offspring that develops HD increases if its parents and / or siblings have HD. The disturbance in the development of the joint takes place during the dog's growing up. Only when the skeleton has grown fully can the appearance of the hip joints be assessed with the help of X-rays.

Elbow dysplasia: 

Elbow dysplasia means an abnormal development of the elbow joint and is abbreviated ED after the English name elbow dysplasia. ED is a collective name for various growth disorders that lead to bone deposits in the elbow joint, which can be distinguished relatively clearly by X-ray. Common to the various growth disorders is that small but significant parts of the articular cartilage do not develop normally or that it is damaged due to disturbed development in the surrounding bone tissue.

ED is hereditary.

Improper feeding / exercise of puppies can give rise to HD / ED

Patellaluxation: 

Patella dislocation means that the patella can be moved (dislocated) from its normal position. Two forms of patellar dislocation occur. The most common form is when the patella slides out of position and ends up on the inside (medial) of the knee joint. The second form is when the patella ends up on the outside of the knee joint (laterally). There are many different underlying causes of patellar dislocation. A common symptom is lameness. In cases where the dislocation is permanent, the patella has been locked in place and affected dogs get a typical, kneeling gait.

Cruciate ligament injuries: 

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is a common injury to dogs. The anterior cruciate ligament is often partially damaged or completely damaged. There is usually damage to the medial meniscus when the anterior cruciate ligament is broken. Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament, on the other hand, are rare. The majority of dogs that suffer from cruciate ligament injuries are middle-aged dogs, mostly bitches aged 5-7 years. The cruciate ligament injury can be caused by trauma (accident) and / or overload. In other individuals, a gradual breakdown and wear has been going on for a long time caused by deposits (osteoarthritis) in the knee joint before the cruciate ligament finally ruptures for no apparent reason. Factors that increase the risk of the dog suffering from cruciate ligament injuries are obesity, osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis, patella (kneecap) dislocation and overload.

Entropion 

Entropion means that the eyelid is completely or partially rolled up. The surrounding structures of the eye, called the adnexa, are of great importance for the appearance of the eyelids. With anatomical exaggerations, the eyelids and hairs can irritate and, in the worst case, damage the eye. The nature and degree of entropion varies from a mild anatomical abnormality without clinical significance to a serious clinical condition with damage to the eye and constant, severe pain.  

Ectropion

Outwardly folded eyelids are called ectropion; drooping lower eyelids with pocket formations where hairs, plant particles and var.